دانلود مقاله انگلیسی با ترجمه بررسی طراحی کنترل موردی و طراحی کوهورت به منظور تعیین اندازه
عنوان فایل ترجمه فارسی: بررسی طرح کوهورت و طرح کنترل موردی برای تعیین اندازه نمونه بر طبق به مقدارP و فاصله اطمینان.
عنوان نسخه انگلیسی:Study of case control design and cohort design to determine the size of the samples according to the p-value, and confidence intervals
مرتبط با رشته : آمار
تعداد صفحات مقاله فارسی: ۱۴ صفحه
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As for cohort designs and for the same reasons, it is not possible to estimate either joint or marginal probabilities from a case-control design. Further, with case-control data, we cannot obtain information about the conditional disease proportions, P(D|E) and P(D|not E), either, since the disease frequencies in the data are determined by the sample sizes of cases and controls as pre-specified by the investigator. In fact, the only probabilities that are estimable are exposure probabilities, conditional on disease status; that is, Here H0, that D and E are independent, can then be given as an alternate specification of independence. Thus, in an analogous fashion to that used for cohort designs, we can assess the hypothesis of independence by comparing the observed sample frequency of exposed individuals among cases against that among controls. Using identical algebra to that used in Section 6.2, this comparison the yields the exact same χ ۲ statistic used to test independence in both population-based and cohort designs. In sum, although based on differing justifications, we see that the identical χ ۲ test of independence applies to each of the three designs we have considered. Using the data given in Table 5.4, repeated in Table 6.4 for convenience, we illustrate the bynow familiar calculation of the χ ۲ statistic for case-control data. Here, the observed test statistic is given by 200(50×۷۲−۵۰×۲۸)۲ /۱۰۰×۱۰۰×۷۸×۱۲۲ = ۹۶۸,۰۰۰,۰۰۰/۹۵,۱۶۰,۰۰۰=۱۰٫۱۷٫
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